卷烟品牌 Beijing on Monday introduced the toughest smoking restrictions in China, the world’s largest consumer of tobacco, with a blanket ban in the city’s restaurants, offices and on public transport as part of a national campaign to combat the costly health effects of the habit.
星期一，北京发布了最严禁烟令，作为世界上最大的香烟消费国，中国禁止在城市的餐馆、办公场所和公共交通工具上吸烟，这是整个国家向吸烟这一有害身体健康的行为宣战的一个部分。
China has massively lagged behind developed nations in the battle to curb smoking. More than half of all adult men smoke, according to the World Health Organisation, and 1m a year die from tobacco-related illness.
在禁烟的战斗里，中国已经远远落后于发达国家了。据世界卫生组织数据显示，在中国，有超过一半的成年男性都吸烟，每年有100万人死于与香烟有关的疾病。
The government, while eager to reduce the toll on the healthcare system, is dependent on the tax revenues generated by tobacco, as well as the profits from its tobacco monopoly. The tobacco industry contributed Rmb911bn ($146bn) to government coffers last year, 6.5 per cent of the annual budget income.
中国政府，一方面想要减少医保投入，一方面还要依靠烟草税收和烟草垄断产生的利润。去年，烟草业向政府缴纳9110万元人民币税收(1460亿美元)，占国家预算的6.5%。
The new rules were welcomed by health campaigners, although concerns remain that tobacco controls have in the past been only loosely enforced.
新的禁烟令受到了健康倡导人士的欢迎，但是仍然有人担心，过去也有禁烟令，但是实施起来却非常不严格。
From Monday, all indoor public places in Beijing will be required by law to be smoke-free. Smoking will also be banned in some outdoor public places such as schools, historical and cultural sites, and while queueing.
从下星期一开始，法律规定，所有北京的室内公共场所必须做到无烟。在一些如学校、历史古迹和文化古迹等室外场所以及排队时，一律禁止吸烟。
In recent years, municipalities across China, including Shanghai, have toughened rules on smoking in public places. Largely as a result, smoking has declined sharply in the past decade in some big cities, but smoking in public is still very common in less-developed cities and in rural areas, and is far more common in China than in western or many other developing countries.
最近几年，包括上海在内的自治区都严格规定了公共场所禁烟政策。结果显示，在过去十年里，一些大城市烟民数量急剧下降，但是在一些欠发达城市及农村地区，公共场所吸烟仍然十分普遍。而且中国公共场所吸烟情况也比西方国家或者其它许多发展中国家要普遍得多。
China’s smoking habit
● 300m smokers 3千万烟民
● 2.3tn cigarettes consumed in 2009 — more than next four heaviest smoking nations combined 2009年，中国消费烟草达2.3吨，比排名在中国之后的四个吸烟量最多的国家的总和还要多。
● 1m tobacco-related deaths per year每年有100万人死于与烟草有关的疾病● 53% of adult men are smokers, against just 2.4% of women 53%的成年男性是烟民，只有2.4%的女性是烟民
Source: WHO
According to figures from the World Health Organization, there are more than 300m smokers in China. More than a quarter of all adults smoke regularly — only 2.4 per cent of women — and 11 per cent of boys aged 13-15 are already smokers. More than 700m people are routinely exposed to second-hand smoke, which kills about 100,000 people every year.
据世界卫生组织数据显示，中国有超过3千万烟民。中国成年人中有超过1/4经常吸烟——其中只有2.4%是女性——13岁到15岁青少年男孩中有11%的也已经成为烟民。超过7千万人口长期暴露在二手烟的环境中，而二手烟每年就能致使10万人死亡。
The China National Tobacco Corporation, a state monopoly, sells 98 per cent of all cigarettes in China. British American Tobacco has just under 1 per cent of the market, according to figures from Euromonitor.
据欧洲商情市场调研公司数据显示，中国国家烟草公司是国家垄断企业，每年卖出的烟草占全国的98%。英国和美国的烟草只占中国市场不到1%的份额。
Despite a recent increase in the wholesale tax on cigarette sales, the cost of smoking remains very low on the mainland — with some packs selling for less than $1.
尽管最近中国政府提高了烟草批发的税率，大陆的吸烟成本依然很低——很多烟一包不到1美元。
Under the new rules, anyone who violates the ban must pay a fine of Rmb50 ($8), rising to Rmb200 if they do not immediately stubb out their cigarette. Smokers who break the law three times will be named and shamed on a government website. Businesses can be fined up to Rmb10,000 for failing to enforce the law on their premises.
随着新的禁烟令书台，任何违反禁烟规定的人都将面临着50元人民币(8美元)的罚款，如果违法人不立即掐断烟头，罚款可升到200元。违反禁烟条例三次将被记名，并被刊登到政府网站的违法名单里。而企业在自己经营场所违反规定将面临高达1万元人民币的罚款。
“Beijing has now set the bar very high — and we now look forward to other cities around China, and the world, following Beijing’s excellent example,” said Bernhard Schwartländer, WHO representative in China.
“北京这次的门槛定的非常高——现在我们希望中国其它城市，甚至全世界都来效仿北京禁烟”，世界卫生组织中国代表Bernhard Schwartländer这样说道。